What ingredient is commonly used to exfoliate the skin?

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are commonly used to exfoliate the skin due to their ability to break down the bonds that hold dead skin cells together on the surface. This action promotes the shedding of older skin cells and encourages the growth of newer, healthier ones, resulting in a smoother and more radiant complexion. AHAs, such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, are water-soluble and derived from natural sources like fruits, which makes them effective in surface exfoliation.

Other ingredients listed have different roles in skincare. Hyaluronic acid is primarily a hydrating ingredient that attracts moisture to the skin, contributing to plumpness but not exfoliation. Glycerin is a humectant that helps draw water to the skin, enhancing moisture but again lacking exfoliating properties. Retinol, while known for its anti-aging effects and its ability to promote cell turnover, is a form of vitamin A that functions differently from AHAs and primarily works deeper within the skin rather than acting as a direct exfoliant on the skin's surface.